Opportunity to enhance managerial skills with artificial intelligence
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) in organizations can change the ways of working and disrupt occupations, including managerial ones, however, the literature lacks information on how managerial skills (HG) will be affected by the implementation of AI within organizations. the companies. To investigate this topic, a thematic content analysis was conducted on data collected from qualitative and semi-structured interviews with 12 experts. The final results show that AI is likely to improve most HGs, while only some of them can be replaced (information gathering and simple decision making) or remain intact (leadership and imagination). Our study updates existing technical and non-technical taxonomies of the management skills needed to keep pace with AI. It also contributes to the development of the AI-Human Capital Management interface; It was concluded that the leaders have the enormous responsibility of ensuring the good performance of the organization, exercising a leadership that encourages the rest of their team, with the technological skills associated with artificial intelligence, in the search for the automation of processes to business success, in turn, update leadership training programs to incorporate what concerns artificial intelligence as a tool for the successful development of the leaders of the future.
Keywords
Similar Articles
-
Intuitive and rational decision-making styles and organizational improvisation: Does it influence employees' awareness of artificial intelligence?
Juan Daniel Vélez-Jaramillo, José Enrique Arias-Pérez, Esteban López-Zapata
-
Human talent, a perspective from management in SMEs
Cesar Augusto Silva-Giraldo, Juan Sebastián Dugarte-Mendoza, Yohanna Milena Rueda-Mahecha
-
Education and work time distribution as variables for the selection of person-nel and organizational efficiency
Juan Manuel Candelo-Viáfara
-
Transformación digital en el sector turismo: Una revisión de literatura
Jhulianna Restrepo-Sarmiento, Paola Andrea Gómez Torres, José Londoño-Cardozo
-
The fusion of humanistic management and organizational learning vreate sustainable and high quality organizations une
Carlos Largacha Martínez, Adela Johanna Pinzón, Elizabeth León Velásquez
-
Corporate Education: Analysis of the Contribution Index and Organizational Competency Development
Lesley Carina do Lago Attadia Galli, Glaucia Aparecida Prates, Caroline Aline Melenchon, Patrícia Andrea da Silva, Rafael Altafin Galli
-
Gestión estratégica y competitiva de las empresas familiares turísticas mexicanas: un estudio empírico
José Luis Esparza Aguilar, Domingo García Peréz de Lema, Antonio Duréndez Gómez Guillamón
-
El problema del crecimiento sostenible ¿cómo crecer sin destruirse?
Jorge Saravia Rios
-
Holistic management
John D Theodore
-
Human talent management in micro, small, and medium service companies in Colombia: approaches to an organizational diagnosis model
Gabriela Pantoja-Kauffmann
Authors
References
Agrawal, A., Gans, J. S. & Goldfarb, A. (2017). What to expect from artificial intelligence. Mit Sloan Management Review. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/578cf5ace58c62ac649ec9ce/t/589a5bfe20099e9d2837a707/1486511104226/What+to+Expect+From+Artificial+Intelligence.pdf
Åkerblad, L., Seppänen-Järvelä, R. & Haapakoski, K. (2020). Integrative strategies in mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 15(2), 152-170. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689820957125
Anderson, H. J., Baur, J. E. Griffith, J. A. & Buckley, M. R. (2017). What works for you may not work for (Gen)Me: limitations of current leadership theories for the next generation. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(1), 245-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.08.001
Balasubramanian, N., Ye, Y. & Xu, M. (2022). Substituting Human Decision-Making with Machine Learning: Implications for Organizational Learning. Academy of Management Review, 47(3). https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2019.0470
Basu, S., Majumdar, B., Mukherjee, K., Munjal, S. & Palaksha, C. (2023). Artificial intelligence–HRM interactions and outcomes: A systematic review and causal configurational explanation. Human Resource Management Review, 33(1), 100893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2022.100893
Benner, M. J. & Tushman, M. L. (2015). Reflections on the 2013 Decade Award: “exploitation, exploration, and process management: The productivity dilemma revisited” ten years later. Academy of Management Review, 40(4). https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2015.0042
Berente, N., Gu, B., Recker, J. & Santhanam, R. (2021). Managing artificial intelligence. MIS Quarterly, 45, 1433-1450.
Boni, M. (2021). The ethical dimension of human–artificial intelligence collaboration. European View, 20(2), 182-190. https://doi.org/10.1177/17816858211059249
Bo, J., Langan, L. & Seidler, R. (2008). Cognitive neuroscience of skill acquisition. Advances in Psychology, 139, 101-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(08)10009-7
Towards a reduction in architectural knowledge vaporization during agile global software development. Information and Software Technology, 112, 68-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2019.04.008
Boyatzis, R. E. (1982). The competent manager: A model for effective performance. John Wiley & Sons.
Byrne, Z. S., Weston, J.W. & Kelly, C. (2020). Development of a Scale for Measuring Students’ Attitudes Towards Learning Professional (i.e., Soft) Skills. Research in Science Education, 50, 1417-1433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-018-9738-3
Brynjolfsson, E. & McAfee, A. (2014). The second machine age: work, progress and prosperity in an age of brilliant technologies. W.W. Norton & Company.
Brynjolfsson, E. & Mitchell, T. (2017). What can machine learning do? Workforce implications. Profound change is coming, but roles for humans remain. American Association for the Science, 358(6370), 1530-1534. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap8062
Budhwar, P. S., Malik, A., De Silva, M.T.T. & Thevisuthan, P. (2022). Artificial intelligence and international HRM: challenges, opportunities and a research agenda. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(6), 1065-1097. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2022.2035161
Cockburn, I. M., Henderson, R. & Stern, S. (2019). The impact of artificial intelligence on innovation. In: A. Agrawal., J. Gans., & A. Goldfarb. (Eds.). The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: An agenda (pp. 115-146). University of Chicago Press. http://www.nber.org/chapters/c14006
-Premuzic, T., Wade, M. y Jordan, J. (2018). A medida que la IA tome más decisiones, la naturaleza del liderazgo cambiará. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2018/01/as-ai-makes-more-decisions-the-nature-of-leadership-will-change?language=es
Che, T., Wu, Z., Wang, Y. & Yang, R. (2019). Impacts of knowledge sourcing on employee innovation: The moderating effect of information transparency. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23(2), 221-239. https://doi.org/10.1108/jkm-11-2017-0554
Dejoux, C. & Léon, E. (2018). Métamorphose des managers. Pearson.
Marocco, D., Ponticorvo, M. Di Ferdinando, A. Schembri, M. & Miglino, O. (2017). Educational Games for Soft-Skills Training in Digital Environments. Springer Nature Link. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06311-9
Davenport, T. H. & Kirby, J. (2016). Only humans need apply: Winners and losers in the age of intelligent machines. Harper Business.
DeKeyser, R. (2020). Skill acquisition theory. Theories in second language acquisition. In B. VanPatten., G.D., Keating & S. Wulff. (Eds.), Skill Acquisition Theory (3rd ed. pp. 83-104). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429503986-5/skill-acquisition-theory-robert-dekeyser
Di Fiore, A. Schneider, S. & Farri, E. (2018). The 5 things your AI unit should do. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2018/01/the-5-things-your-ai-unit-needs-to-do
Doyle, A. (s.f.). Hard skills vs. soft skills: What's the difference. The Balance Money.
Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Ismagilova, E., Aarts, G., Coombs, C., Crick, T., Duan, Y., Dwivedi, R., Edwards, J., Eirug, A., Galanos, V., Ilavarasan, P. V., Janssen, M., Jones, P., Kar, A. K., Kizgin, H., Kronemann, B., Lal, B., Lucini, B., Medaglia, R., & Williams, M. D. (2021). Artificial intelligence (AI): Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 57, 101994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.08.002
Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R. & Jackson, P. (2012). Management research. Sage Publications.
Enholm, I. M., Papagiannidis, E., Mikalef, P. & Krogstie, J. (2022). Artificial intelligence and business value: A literature review. Information Systems Frontier, 24, 1709-1734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-021-10186-w
Ertel, W. (2018). Introduction to artificial intelligence (3rd ed.). Springer.
E. (2022). Determining the human to AI workforce ratio – Exploring future organisational scenarios and the implications for anticipatory workforce planning. Technology in Society, 68, 101879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101879
Fayol, H. (2000). Administratión industrielle et générale. https://lirsa.cnam.fr/medias/fichier/fayolhtml__1263311218529.html
Fosso Wamba, S., Bawack, R. E., Guthrie, C., Queiroz, M. M. & Carillo, K. D. A. (2021). Are we preparing for a good AI society? A bibliometric review and a research agenda. Technological Foresight and Social Change, 164, 120482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120482
Frank, M. R., Autor, D., Bessen, J. E., Brynjolfsson, E., Cebrián, M., Deming, D. J., Feldman, M., Groh, M., Lobo, J., Moro, E., Wang, D., Youn, H. & Rahwan, I. (2019). Toward understanding the impact of artificial intelligence on labor. PNAS, 116(14), 6531-6539. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900949116
Frick, N. R., Mirbabaie, M., Stieglitz, S. & Salomon, J. (2021). Maneuvering through the stormy seas of digital transformation: The impact of empowerment leadership on the AI firm readiness of enterprises. Journal of Decision Systems, 30(2-3), 235-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2020.1870065
Glikson, E. & Woolley, A. W. (2020). Human trust in artificial intelligence: a review of empirical research. Academy of Management Annals, 14(2), 627-660. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2018.0057
Gobeil Proulx, J. (2021). Recension des besoins en compétences suscités par le développement et la mise en oeuvre de l'IA . PIA - OBVIA. https://poleia.quebec/rapport-recension-besoins-en-competences-ia/
Ghosh, B., Wilson, J., Burden, A. & Daugherty, P. (2019). Taking a systems approach to adopting AI. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2019/05/taking-a-systems-approach-to-adopting-ai
Greenwood, C. R., Walker, D. Buzhardt, J. Howard, W. J., McCune, L. & Anderson, R. (2013). Evidence for a continuum in foundational expressive communication skills. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 28(3), 540-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2013.02.006
Griva, A., Dennehy, D., Pappas, I., Mäntymäki, M., Pouloudi, N., Dwivedi, Y. K. & Schmarzo, B. (2023). Artificial intelligence and analytics in practice. Journal of Decision Systems, 32(3), 535-541. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2022.2122218
Gunsberg, D., Callow, B., Ryan, B., Suthers, J., Baker, P. A. & Richardson, J. (2018). Applying an organizational agility maturity model. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 31(6), 1315-1343. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-10-2017-0398
Haenlein, M. & Kaplan, A. (2019). A brief history of artificial intelligence: on the past, present, and future of artificial intelligence. California Management Review, 61(4), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125619864925
Haefner, N., Wincent, J., Parida, V. & Gassmann, O. (2021). Artificial intelligence and innovation management: A review, framework, and research agenda. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 162, 120392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120392
Harney, B. & Collings, D. G. (2021). Navigating the shifting landscapes of HRM. Human Resource Management Review, 31(4), 100824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100824
Harrison, N. & O'Neill, D. (2017). Is your company ready for AI? Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/webinar/2017/11/is-your-company-ready-for-ai
Henke, N., Levine, J. & McInerney, P. (2018). You don’t have to be a data scientist to fill this must-have analytics role. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2018/02/you-dont-have-to-be-a-data-scientist-to-fill-this-must-have-analytics-role
Hendarman, A. F. & Cantner, U. (2018). Soft skills, hard skills and individual innovativeness. Eurasia Business Review, 8, 139-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-017-0076-6
Herrity, J. (2023). What are soft skills? (With examples and resume tips). Indeed.
Huber, A. (2018). Exploring hiring practitioner preferences for and assessment practices of prospective candidates. Journal of Interior Design, 43(4), 21-44. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/joid.12131
Iansiti, M. & Lakhani, K. R. (2020). Competing in the age of AI: Strategy and leadership when algorithms and networks run the world. Harvard Business Review Press. https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=56633
Jarrahi, M. H. (2018). Artificial intelligence and the future of work: Human-AI symbiosis in organizational decision making. Business Horizons, 61(4), 577-586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.03.007
Kietzmann, J. & Pitt, L. F. (2020). Artificial intelligence and machine learning: What managers need to know. Business Horizons, 63(2), 131-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.11.005
Klein, M. (2020). Leadership characteristics in the era of digital transformation. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(1), 883-902. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i1.1441
Krakowski, S., Luger, J. & Raisch, S. (2022). Artificial intelligence and the changing sources of competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 44(6), 1425-1452. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3387
Kolbjørnsrud, V., Amico, R. & Thomas, R. J. (2016). How artificial intelligence will redefine management. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2016/11/how-artificial-intelligence-will-redefine-management
Kumar, V., Rajan, B., Venkatesan, R. & Lecinski, J. (2019). Understanding the role of artificial intelligence in personalized Engagement Marketing. California Management Review, 61(4), 135-155. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125619859317
Lee, I. & Shin, Y. J. (2020). Machine learning for enterprises: Applications, algorithm selection, and challenges. Business Horizons, 63(2), 157-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.10.005
Le Boterf, G. (2000). Construire les compétences individuelles et collectives: agir et réussir avec compétences, les réponses à 100 questions. Éditions Eyrolles. https://www.editions-eyrolles.com/Livre/9782212546583/construire-les-competences-individuelles-et-collectives
Levasseur, R. E. (2013). People skills: Developing soft skills – a change management perspective. Interfaces, 43(6), 566-571. https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.2013.0703
Libert, B., Beck, M. & Bonchek, M. (2017). AI in the boardroom: The next realm of corporate governance. MIT Sloan Management Review. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/ai-in-the-boardroom-the-next-realm-of-corporate-governance/
Lichtenthaler, U. (2020). A conceptual framework for combining agile and structured innovation processes. Research-Technology Management, 63(5), 42-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2020.1790240
Lombardi, R. (2019). Knowledge transfer and organizational performance and business process: Past, present and future researches. Business Process Management Journal, 25(1), 2-9. https://doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-02-2019-368
Lyu, W. & Liu, J. (2021). Soft skills, hard skills: What matters most? Evidence from job postings. Applied Energy, 300, 117307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117307
Lu, H., Li, Y., Chen, M., Kim, H. & Serikawa, S. (2018). Brain intelligence: Going beyond artificial intelligence. Mobile Networks and Applications, 23, 368-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-017-0932-8
McCarthy, P., Sammon, D. & Alhassan, I. (2022). Digital transformation leadership characteristics: A literature analysis. Journal of Decision Systems, 32(1), 79-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2021.1908934
Makarius, E. E., Mukherjee, D., Fox, J. D. & Fox, A. K. (2020). Rising with the machines: A sociotechnical framework for bringing artificial intelligence into the organization. Journal of Business Research, 120, 262-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.07.045
Marr, B. (2020). 9 soft skills every employee will need in the age of artificial intelligence (AI). Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2020/09/28/9-soft-skills-every-employee-will-need-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence-ai/
Martins, H., Rouco, C., Piedade, L. & Borba, F. (2020). Soft skills for hard times: Developing a framework of preparedness for overcoming crises events in higher education students. International Conference on Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management and Organisational Learning. ICICKM 2020. Toronto, Canada. https://doi.org/10.34190/IKM.20.079
Meissner, P. & Keding, C. (2021). The human factor in AI-based decision making. MIT Sloan Management Review. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/the-human-factor-in-ai-based-decision-making/
Murray, A., Rhymer, J. & Sirmon, D. G. (2021). Humans and technology: Forms of conjoined agency in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 46(3), 552-571. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2019.0186
Nambisan, S. Lyytinen, K. Majchrzak, A. & Song, M. (2017). Digital Innovation Management: Reinventing Innovation Management Research in a Digital World. MIS Quarterly, 41(1), 223-238. https://www.scinapse.io/papers/2610102381
Parlamis, J. & Monnot, M. (2018). Getting to the CORE: Putting an end to the term “soft skills”. Journal of Management Inquiry, 28(2), 225-227. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492618818023
Paschen, U., Pitt, C. & Kietzmann, J. (2020). Artificial intelligence: Building blocks and a innovation typology. Business Horizons, 63(2), 147-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.10.004
Rainsbury, E., Hodges, D. L., Burchell, N. & Lay, M. C. (2002). Ranking workplace competencies: Student and graduate perceptions. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 3(2), 8-18. https://hdl.handle.net/10289/3219
Raisch, S. & Krakowski, S. (2021) Artificial intelligence and management: The automation- augmentation paradox. Academy of Management Review, 46(1), 192-210. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2018.0072
Ray, K. & Thomas, T. A. (2019). Online outsourcing and the future of work. Journal of Global Responsibility, 10(3), 226-238. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGR-10-2018-0039
Ryder, A. (2017). Augmentation versus automation: AI’s utility in the workplace. MIT Sloan Management Review. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/augmentation-versus-automation-ais-utility-in-the-workplace/
Saunders, M., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students (5th ed.). Prentice Hall.
Scheunpflug, A., Krogull, S. & Franz, J. (2016). Understanding learning in world society: Qualitative reconstructive research in global learning and learning for sustainability. International Journal of Development Education and Global Learning, 7(3), 6-23. https://doi.org/10.18546/IJDEGL.07.3.02
Schrage, M. (2018). Is “murder by machine learning” the new “death by PowerPoint”? Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2018/01/is-murder-by-machine-learning-the-new-death-by-powerpoint
Schwab, K. M. (2016). The fourth industrial revolution: What it means, how to respond. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond/
Shank, D. B., Graves, C., Gott, A., Gamez, P. & Rodríguez, S. (2019). Feeling our way into machine minds: People's emotions when perceiving mind in artificial intelligence. Computers in Human Behavior, 98, 256-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.001
Silverman, D. (2010). Doing qualitative research. (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
Snow, C. C., Fjeldstad, Ø. D. & Langer, A. M. (2017). Designing the digital organization. Journal of Organization Design, 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-017-0017-y
Sousa, M. J. & Rocha, A. (2019). Digital learning: Developing skills for digital transformation of organizations. Future Generation Computer Systems, 91, 327-334, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.08.048
Starks, H. & Brown Trinidad, S. (2007). Choose your method: A comparison of phenomenology, discourse analysis, and grounded theory. Qualitative Health Research, 17(10), 1372-1380. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732307307031
Subramaniam, M. (2022). How smart products create connected customers. MIT Sloan Management Review. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/how-smart-products-create-connected-customers/
Tate, W. (1995). Developing managerial competence: A critical guide to methods and materials. Aldershot: Gower Publishing, Ltd.
Tran, T. H. (2021). Scientists built an AI to give ethical advice, but it turned out super racist. Futurism. https://futurism.com/delphi-ai-ethics-racist
Van der Fels, M. J., Wierike, S., Hartman, E., Elferink-Gemser, M. Smith, J. & Visscher, C. (2015). The relationship between motor skills and cognitive skills in 4–16 year old typically developing children: A systematic review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(6), 697-703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.09.007
Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organizations (8th edition). Pearson Education.
Wilson, H. J., Daugherty, P. R. & Morini-Bianzino, N. (2017). The jobs that artificial intelligence will create. MIT Sloan Management Review. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/will-ai-create-as-many-jobs-as-it-eliminates/
Wisshak, S. & Hochholdinger, S. (2020). Perceived instructional requirements of soft skills trainers and hard skills trainers. Journal of Workplace Learning, 32(6), 405-416. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-02-2020-0029