Factores que afectan la intención emprendedora: un estudio en estudiantes de educación media técnica profesional en Chile
Abstract
La intención de emprender suele considerarse como el factor clave que determina la creación de empresas y el despliegue de conductas emprendedoras. Hasta la fecha, la mayoría de las investigaciones sobre los determinantes de la intención emprendedora han recogido datos de estudiantes universitarios de pregrado o postgrado. En contraste, el presente estudio aborda este tema en el nivel de la educación secundaria con el objetivo principal de evaluar la intención de emprender de estudiantes de educación secundaria técnico-profesional de entre 16 y 18 años en Chile. Para ello, se aplicó una encuesta a una muestra de 2373 estudiantes que asisten a cuatro centros educativos técnico-profesionales, ubicados en tres regiones diferentes de este país. Sobre la base del Modelo del Potencial Emprendedor, se sometió a prueba la influencia de la factibilidad percibida, deseabilidad percibida y propensión a actuar sobre la intención de emprender de los estudiantes. Los resultados de la aplicación de un modelo de regresión logística muestran que es más probable que los estudiantes con una propensión al riesgo moderada muestren intenciones emprendedoras. Adema s, el estudio revelo que no existe asociación entre la factibilidad y deseabilidad percibidas y la intención de emprender de los adolescentes. Tampoco se encontró una relación entre esta última y la propensión a actuar.
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