Foreign trade patterns of Colombian biotechnology companies
Abstract
Biotechnology has become a key tool for optimizing the use of biodiversity, standing out as one of the fastest-growing technology sectors in middle-income countries. In response to global interest, Colombia has incorporated biotechnology as a strategic pillar in its sustainable development policies. However, challenges remain in linking it to production and marketing, both nationally and internationally. Despite the existence of prospective studies, up-to-date information on the international trade of Colombian biotechnology and the leading companies in this sector is limited. This study characterized the export behavior of Colombian biotechnology products by identifying trade patterns. A quantitative methodology was used, based on the analysis of export trends between 2012 and 2022, as well as the destination markets. To validate the findings, a hierarchical cluster analysis was applied. The types of biotechnology products were classified according to the rainbow code, and the destinations were grouped into global regions. The results showed increasing internationalization of Colombian biotechnology, with foreign trade patterns geared toward market diversification and specialization in specific niches. These patterns are driven by factors such as the technological gap and global demand, suggesting strategic opportunities to strengthen the sector's competitiveness.
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