China e América Latina: sócios estratégicos ou competidores?
Resumo
Este documento tem como objetivo principal discutir o papel dual da China na região latino-americana, por um lado, como sócio comercial estratégico do continente asiático, origem do investimento estrangeiro direto (IED) e aliado no palco internacional, e por outro lado, como competidor formidável especialmente em manufaturas. Para atingir este objetivo, faz-se uma descrição das relações comerciais nos últimos 15 anos, uma revisão dos fluxos de investimento em diversos setores e, por último, uma descrição das mais recentes relações políticas e diplomáticas desenvolvidas entre América Latina e China. Pode-se observar que a relação se caracterizou pela transação de bens primários da região à China e o investimento Chinês no fornecimento de recursos naturais.
Palavras-chave
Artigos Semelhantes
-
Ferramentas de marketing tradicional e digital utilizadas por grandes empresas localizadas em países em desenvolvimento e sua relação com o desempenho exportador: o caso da Costa Rica
Josué Quirós-Gómez, Susan Arce-Gutiérrez
-
A estimativa das relações entre o investimento em mídia digital e as variáveis financeiras da empresa: uma abordagem para Colômbia
Amalia Novoa Hoyos, Mauricio Sabogal Salamanca, Camilo Vargas Walteros
-
Dinámicas del comercio de aceite de palma colombiano en mercados internacionales: un enfoque gravitacional
Aníbal Alfonso Arrázola Navarro, Manuel Antonio Pérez Vázquez
-
O papel do turismo patrimonial no índice de competitividade do turismo regional da Colômbia: uma avaliação das relações usando o PLS-PM
José Mauricio Gil-León, Jhancarlos Gutiérrez-Ayala, Edgar Alonso Ramírez-Hernández
-
Patrones de comercio exterior de las empresas de biotecnología colombianas
Estíbaliz Aguilar Galeano, Andrés Rocha Alfonso
-
Relaciones interorganizacionales en el turismo: una mirada desde los costos de transacción
Libnazaret Betancourt Rodríguez, Isadora Eljadue Pérez, Oriana Carola Cortés Bracho
-
Modelos estatísticos sobre a eficácia do marketing digital
Sara Londoño Arredondo, Yessica Johana Mora Gutiérrez, Marisol Valencia Cárdenas
-
O marketing de lugares como ferramenta estratégica para o município de Viota -Cundinamarca, Colômbia
Adriana Rocío Rodríguez González, Omar Guiovanni Quijano
-
Determinantes de las exportaciones no tradicionales en Colombia: 2012-2022
Henry Duván Corpos Pardo, Luis Eudoro Vallejo Zamudio
-
Fatores que impulsam a propensão para inovar e a produtividade nos setores de serviços e indústria manufatureira na Colômbia
Rafael García-Luna, Diego Andrés Cardoso-López
Autores
Referências
Barboza, A., & Guimaraes D. (2010). Economic Relations between Brazil and China in the Mining/Steel Sectors. Cuadernos de Trabajo del Cechimex, 3, 1-40.
Barboza, D. (2009, February 20). China Starts Investing Globally. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/21/business/worldbusiness/21yuan.html
Casanova, C., Xia, L., & Ferreira, R. (2015). Measuring Latin America’s export dependency on China. BBVA Research. Retrieved from https://www.bbvaresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/15-26_Working-Paper_China-and-Latin-America.pdf
Center for International Development at Harvard University. (2014). The Atlas of Economic Complexity. Retrieved from http://www.atlas.cid.harvard.edu
Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe. (2010). La República Popular China y América Latina y el Caribe: hacia una relación estratégica. Santiago de Chile: CEPAL.
Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe. (2015a). América Latina y el Caribe y China Hacia una nueva era de cooperación económica. Retrieved from http://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/38196/S1500389_es.pdf
Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe. (2015b). First Forum of China and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) Exploring opportunities for cooperation on trade and investment. Retrieved from http://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/37578/S1421103_en.pdf?sequence=1
Cooper, J. (2004). The Beijing Consensus. London, UK: The Foreign Policy Centre. Retrieved from http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/244.pdf
Cordeiro, M., Santillán, G., & Valenzuela, J. (2015). Las relaciones China y América Latina en 2015. Anuario de la Integración Regional de América Latina y el Gran Caribe, 11, 52-74. Retrieved from http://www.cries.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/04-Cordeiro.pdf
Chinese Government. (2008). China's Policy Paper on Latin America and the Caribbean. Retrieved from http://www.gov.cn/english/official/2008-11/05/content_1140347.htm
Devlin, A., Estevadeordal, A.’ & Rodríguez-Clare, A. (2006). The Emergence of China: Opportunities and Challenges for Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank.
Ellis, R. E. (2005). U.S. National Security Implications of Chinese Involvement in Latin America. Retrieved from http://www.hacer.org/pdf/ChinaLATAM.pdf
Ellis, R. E. (2011). Chinese Soft Power in Latin America: A Case Study. Retrieved from https://umshare.miami.edu/web/wda/hemisphericpolicy/Speaker_Presentations/6LAConf-ChineseSoftPowerinLACaseStudy-Ellis.pdf
Ellis, R. E. (2014). China on the ground in Latin America. Challenges for the Chinese and impacts on the region. Palgrave Macmillan.
Erikson, D. P., & Chen, J. (2007). China, Taiwan, and the Battle for Latin America. Retrieved from http://www.w.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/Erikson-Chen-1%20(2).pdf
Faries, B., & Goodman J. (2009, October 25) China, Argentina Reach Agreement on Currency Swap China Academy of Assets Management. Retrieved from http://www.chinawealthplanning.com/index.php/company-and-trade-mainmenu-169/4647-china-argentina-reach-agreement-on-currency-swap.html
Farooki, M., & Kaplinsky R. (2012). The impact of China on global commodity prices. Routledge.
Ferchen, M. (2011). China–Latin America Relations: Long-term Boon or Short-term Boom? The Chinese Journal of International Politics. 4, 55-86.
Forbes (2009, November 5). China and Peru Sign Free Trade Agreement. Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/2009/05/08/peru-china-fta-business-oxford-analytica.html
Gallagher, K. (2016). The China Triangle. Latin America’s China Boom and the Fate of the Washington Consensus. Oxford University Press.
Gallagher, K., & Porzecanski, R. (2010). The Dragon in the Room. China and the Future of Latin American Industrialization. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Gallagher, K., Moreno-Brid, J., & Porzecanski, R. (2008). The Dynamism of Mexican Exports: Lost in (Chinese) Translation? World Development, 36(8), 1365– 1380.
Gao, H., & Yu, Y. (2011). Internationalization of the renminbi. BIS Papers, 61, 105-124. Retrieved from www.bis.org/publ/bppdf/bispap61i.pdf
Hakim, P. (2006). Is Washington Losing Latin America? Foreign Affairs. Council on Foreign Relations. 85(1), 39-53.
Harris, R. (2015). China’s Relations with the Latin American and Caribbean Countries A Peaceful Panda Bear instead of a Roaring Dragon. Latin American Perspectives. 42(6), 153-190.
Inter-American Development Bank – IDB. (2009). China to join the Inter-American Development Bank. Retrieved from http://www.iadb.org/NEWS/detail.cfm?id=4828
Jenkins R. (2014). Chinese Competition and Brazilian Exports of Manufactures. Oxford Development Studies. 42(3), 395-418
Jenkins R., & de Freitas-Barbosa, A. (2011). Brazilian manufacturing in the face of Chinese competition. International Development. Norwich: University of East Anglia.
Jenkins R., & de Freitas-Barbosa, A. (2012). Fear for Manufacturing? China and the Future of Industry in Brazil and Latin America. The China Quarterly. 209, 59-81.
Johnson, S. (2005). Balancing China’s Growing Influence in Latin America. Heritage Foundation Backgrounder, (1888), 1-6.
Latin American Herald Tribune. (2009, November 15). China Overtakes U.S. as Brazil’s Top Trade Partner. Latin American Herald Tribune. Retrieved from http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=333733&CategoryId=10718
Lederman, D; Olarreaga, M & Perry, G. E.(Ed.) (2009). China's and India's challenge to Latin America: opportunity or threat? World Bank. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DEC/Resources/China_India_Challenge_to_LA.pdf
Lei, Y. (2015). China's strategic partnership with Latin America: a fulcrum in China's rise. International Affairs. 91(5), 1047–1068.
Medeiros, E. S. (2009). China’s International Behavior: activism, opportunism, and diversification. RAND Corporation. Retrieved from http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2009/RAND_MG850.pdf
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People's Republic of China (Taiwan). (2016). Diplomatic Allies. Retrieved from http://www.mofa.gov.tw/en/AlliesIndex.aspx?n=DF6F8F246049F8D6&sms=A76B7230ADF29736
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People's Republic of China. (2015). Cooperation Plan (2015-2019). Retrieved from http://www.chinacelacforum.org/eng/zywj_3/t1230944.htm
Myers, W., Gallagher, K., & Yuan, F. (2015). Chinese Finance to LAC in 2015: Doubling Down. Retrieved from http://www.thedialogue.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Dialogue-LoansReport-v4-lowres.pdf
National Intelligence Council - (NIC). (1997). Global Trends 2010. Retrieved from https://www.dni.gov/index.php/who-we-are/organizations/nic/nic-related-menus/nic-related-content/global-trends-2010
National Intelligence Council - (NIC). (2000). Global Trends 2015. A dialogue about the future with nongovernment experts. Retrieved from https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/Global%20Trends_2015%20Report.pdf
National Intelligence Council - (NIC). (2004). Mapping the Global Future. Report of the National Intelligence Council’s 2020 Project. Retrieved from https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/Global%20Trends_Mapping%20the%20Global%20Future%202020%20Project.pdf
National Intelligence Council - (NIC). (2008). Global Trends 2025. A transformed world. Retrieved from https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/Newsroom/Reports%20and%20Pubs/2025_Global_Trends_Final_Report.pdf
National Intelligence Council - (NIC). (2012). Alternative worlds 2030. Retrieved from https://globaltrends2030.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/global-trends-2030-november2012.pdf
OECD/ECLAC/CAF (2015). Latin American Economic Outlook 2016: Towards a New Partnership with China. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Pineo, R. (2015). China and Latin America: What You Need To Know. Council on Hemispheric Affairs (COHA). Retrieved from http://www.coha.org/china-and-latin-america-what-you-need-to-know/
Ray, R., Gallagher, K., & Sarmiento, R. (2016). China & Latin America Economic Bulletin 2016 Edition. Retrieved from http://www.bu.edu/bucflp/2016/04/06/2016-china-latin-america-economic-bulletin-from-gegi-now-available/
Roett, R., & Paz, G. (Eds.). (2008). China's Expansion into the Western Hemisphere Implications for Latin America and the United States. Brookings Institution Press.
Romero, S. (2015, October 3). China’s Ambitious Rail Projects Crash Into Harsh Realities in Latin America. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/04/world/americas/chinas-ambitious-rail-projects-crash-into-harsh-realities-in-latin-america.html
Rosales O. (2010). The People’s Republic of China and Latin America and the Caribbean: Towards a Strategic Relationship. Santiago: United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America.
Rosales, O. (2012). Trade competition from China. Americas quarterly. Retrieved from http://www.americasquarterly.org/Rosales
Russo, C. (2014). Argentina Gets Reserves Boost From China Currency Swap. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-10-30/argentina-gets-reserves-boost-from-china-currency-swap
US Government Publishing Office. (2008). China’s Foreign Policy and ‘‘Soft Power’’ in South America, Asia, and Africa. EEUU: Library of Congress. Retrieved from https://fas.org/irp/congress/2008_rpt/crs-china.pdf
Wilkinson, J., & Wesz Junior, V. J. (2013). Underlying issues in the emergence of China and Brazil as major global players in the new South–South trade and investment axis International. Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development. 12(3), 245-260.
Wise, C. (2016). China and Latin America’s Emerging Economies: New Realities amid Old Challenges. Latin American Policy. 7(1), 26-51.
World Bank Group. (2015). Global Economic Prospects, January 2015: Having Fiscal Space and Using It. Washington, DC: World Bank. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0444-1
Yu, L. (2015). China’s strategic partnership with Latin America: a fulcrum in China’s rise. International Affairs, 91(5), 1047–1068.
Zhao H. (2014). Regional Cooperation of Latin America and Strategic Choice of Sino-Latin American Cooperation. China Institute of International Studies. Retrieved from http://www.ciis.org.cn/english/2014-11/21/content_7388255.htm
Zhou, L., & Leung, D. (2015, January 28). China’s Overseas Investments, Explained in 10 Graphics. World Resource Institute. Retrieved from http://www.wri.org/blog/2015/01/china%E2%80%99s-overseas-investments-explained-10-graphics